Kodi truffle yakuda ya Himalaya imasiyana bwanji ndi truffle ya ku Italy

Kufotokozera/Kukoma
Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe kutengera momwe amakulira, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi 2 mpaka 5 centimita m'mimba mwake, ndipo amakhala otsetsereka, opindika, owoneka ngati globular. Bowa wa bulauni wakuda nthawi zambiri amawumbidwa kuchokera ku miyala pansi ndipo amakhala wokhuthala, wophimbidwa ndi tokhala ting'onoting'ono, tokhala ndi mikwingwirima. Pansi panja, thupi limakhala lakuda, lakuda ndi lotafuna, lokhala ndi mitsempha yopyapyala yoyera. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia adzakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala kwambiri kuposa ma truffles akuda aku Europe ndi mtundu wakuda pang'ono, wokhala ndi mitsempha yocheperako. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amakhala ndi fungo lochepa la musky ndipo mnofu umakhala wofatsa, wanthaka, wokoma.

Nyengo/Kupezeka
Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amapezeka kuyambira kumapeto kwa autumn mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Mfundo zamakono
Ma truffles akuda aku Asia ndi gawo la mtundu wa Tuber ndipo amadziwikanso kuti ma truffles akuda aku China, ma truffles akuda a Himalayan ndi ma truffles akuda aku Asia, a banja la Tuberaceae. Pali mitundu yambiri ya truffles yomwe imapezeka mumtundu wa Tuber, ndipo dzina loti Asian black truffle ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mitundu ina ya tuber yomwe imakololedwa ku Asia. Tuber indicum ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri ya truffle yakuda yaku Asia, yolembedwa kuyambira 80s, koma asayansi atayamba kuphunzira momwe bowa amagwirira ntchito, adapeza kuti pali mitundu ina yofananira, kuphatikiza Tuber himalayense ndi Tuber sinensis. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia akhala akukula mwachilengedwe kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, koma ma truffles sanawoneke ngati chinthu chamalonda mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900. Panthawiyi, makampani a ku Ulaya a truffles ankavutika kuti akwaniritse zofuna zawo, ndipo makampani a ku China anayamba kutumiza kunja kwa Asia truffles wakuda. kupita ku Europe m'malo mwa ma truffles akuda aku Europe. Posakhalitsa, ku Asia konse, makamaka ku China, timitengo tating'onoting'ono tinkatumizidwa ku Ulaya, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti maboma a ku Ulaya azilamulira truffles. Chifukwa chosowa malamulo, makampani ena ayamba kugulitsa ma truffles akuda aku Asia pansi pa dzina losowa la European Perigord truffle pamitengo yokwera, zomwe zikuyambitsa mikangano pakati pa osaka truffle ku Europe konse. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amafanana kwambiri ndi ma truffles akuda aku Europe, koma alibe fungo labwino komanso kakomedwe kake. Onyenga amasakaniza ma truffles akuda aku Asia ndi ma Perigord truffles enieni kuti abwezere chifukwa chakusowa kwa fungo, kulola ma truffles akuda aku Asia kuti azitha kuyamwa kafungo kake kuti apange ma truffles pafupifupi osazindikirika. Masiku ano, padakali mkangano wovuta pazabwino za ma truffles akuda aku Asia poyerekeza ndi ma truffles aku Europe, ndipo ma truffles ayenera kugulidwa kudzera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino.

Mtengo wopatsa thanzi
Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amapereka vitamini C kuti alimbitse chitetezo chamthupi, kuwonjezera kupanga kolajeni ndikuchepetsa kutupa. Truffles amakhalanso gwero la antioxidants kuti ateteze thupi kuti lisawonongeke zowonongeka ndipo ali ndi zinc, chitsulo, magnesium, calcium, fiber, manganese ndi phosphorous. M'mankhwala achi China, ma truffles akuda akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kuti abwezeretse chilakolako, kutsitsimula ndi kutulutsa ziwalo, ndikuwongolera thupi.

Mapulogalamu
Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pang'onopang'ono m'mafakitale osaphika kapena otentha pang'ono, omwe amametedwa, opukutidwa, ophwanyidwa, kapena odulidwa pang'ono. Kukoma kofewa, musky, earthy wa truffles kumawonjezera mbale ndi zinthu zolemera, mafuta, vinyo kapena msuzi wa kirimu, mafuta, ndi zinthu zopanda ndale monga mbatata, mpunga, ndi pasitala. Ma truffles ayenera kutsukidwa musanagwiritse ntchito ndikutsuka kapena kupukuta pamwamba ndikulimbikitsidwa m'malo motsuka pansi pamadzi chifukwa chinyezi chimapangitsa bowa kuvunda. Akatsukidwa, ma truffles akuda aku Asia amatha kudulidwa mwatsopano ngati chokometsera chomaliza pa pasitala, nyama yokazinga, risotto, supu ndi mazira. Ku China, ma truffles akuda aku Asia akudziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu apamwamba, ndipo ma truffles akuphatikizidwa mu sushi, soups, soseji, ndi truffle dumplings. Ophika akuphatikizanso ma truffles akuda aku Asia mu makeke, ma liqueurs ndi mooncake. Padziko lonse lapansi, ma truffles akuda a ku Asia amapangidwa kukhala batala, amathiridwa mu mafuta ndi uchi, kapena kugayidwa mu sauces. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amagwirizana bwino ndi nyama monga nkhosa, nkhuku, venison ndi ng'ombe, nsomba zam'madzi, foie gras, tchizi monga mbuzi, Parmesan, fontina, chevre ndi gouda, ndi zitsamba monga tarragon, basil ndi arugula. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amatha mpaka sabata atakulungidwa mu pepala lopukutira kapena nsalu yothira chinyezi ndikusungidwa mu chidebe chosindikizidwa mu kabati yofewa ya firiji. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti truffle iyenera kukhala yowuma kuti ikhale yabwino komanso yokoma. Ngati musunga kwa masiku angapo, sinthani matawulo amapepala pafupipafupi kuti musamachuluke chifukwa bowa amamasula chinyezi akamasunga. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amathanso kukulungidwa muzojambula, kuyika mu thumba lafiriji, ndikuwumitsidwa kwa miyezi 1-3.

Zambiri zamafuko/zikhalidwe
Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amakololedwa makamaka m'chigawo cha China cha Yunnan. M'mbiri yakale, tinyama tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono sitidyedwa ndi anthu am'mudzimo ndipo amapatsidwa kwa nkhumba ngati chakudya cha ziweto. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, makampani a truffle adafika ku Yunnan ndikuyamba kufunafuna ma truffles akuda aku Asia kuti atumizidwe ku Europe kuti akapikisane ndi msika womwe ukukula wa Perigord truffle. Pamene kufunikira kwa truffles kunkawonjezeka, alimi ku Yunnan mwamsanga anayamba kukolola nkhalango zozungulira. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amamera mwachilengedwe m'munsi mwa mitengo ndipo zokolola zoyambirira zinali zambiri ku Yunnan, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabanja azipeza ndalama mwachangu komanso moyenera. Alimi ku Yunnan adanenanso kuti kukolola truffles kwachulukitsa ndalama zomwe amapeza pachaka, ndipo ntchitoyi imafunikira ndalama zochepa, chifukwa ma truffles amakula mwachilengedwe popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu. Ngakhale kuti anthu akumidzi amachita bwino, mosiyana ndi ku Ulaya kumene kuthyola mitengo ya truffle sikuloledwa, nthawi zambiri ku China sikuloledwa kukolola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikolola mopambanitsa. Osaka nyama zaku China amagwiritsa ntchito makasu ndi makasu kukumba pansi pafupifupi phazi limodzi mozungulira mitengo kuti apeze mbalamezi. Izi zimasokoneza kapangidwe ka dothi lozungulira mitengoyo ndikuyika mizu ya mtengowo ku mpweya, zomwe zingawononge kulumikizana kwa symbiotic pakati pa bowa ndi mtengo. Popanda kulumikizana uku, ma truffles atsopano asiya kukula kuti adzakolole mtsogolo. Akatswiri akuwopa kuti kukolola kochulukira kwa China kwa mitundu yakuda yaku Asia kukupangitsa kuti dzikolo lisadzayende bwino m'tsogolomu, chifukwa nkhalango zambiri zomwe kale zinali ndi truffles tsopano zasokonekera ndipo sizikupanganso bowa chifukwa cha kuwononga malo okhala. Ma truffles akuda ambiri aku Asia amakololedwanso kumtunda wa boma, zomwe zimapangitsa alenje kuthamangitsa ndi kukolola ma truffles alenje ena asanatenge ma truffles. Izi zadzetsa kuchulukira kwa ma truffles osakhwima omwe akugulitsidwa m'misika yopanda kununkhira komanso mawonekedwe otafuna.

Geography/Mbiri
Ma truffles akuda aku Asia adakula mwachilengedwe pafupi ndi paini ndi mitengo ina ku Asia kuyambira kalekale. Mitengo ya truffles ya m'nyengo yozizira imapezeka m'madera a India, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, China ndi Japan, ndipo truffles nthawi zambiri amayamba kubereka pamene zomera zomwe zimamera zimakhala ndi zaka khumi. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia sanakololedwe kwambiri mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90 pamene alimi anayamba kutumiza truffles ku Ulaya. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 90, ku Asia kukolola truffles zakuda zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikuwonjezera chiwerengero cha asaka nyama ku Asia. Ku China, ma truffles akuda aku Asia amakololedwa makamaka kuchokera ku zigawo za Sichuan ndi Yunnan, ndipo Yunnan akupanga zoposa makumi asanu ndi awiri pa zana za truffles zakuda zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'mayiko ndi kunja. Ma truffles akuda aku Asia amapezekanso ochepa m'zigawo za Liaoning, Hebei ndi Heilongjiang, ndipo minda yosankhidwa ikuyesera kulima ma truffles akuda aku Asia kuti azigwiritsa ntchito malonda. Masiku ano, ma truffles akuda aku Asia amatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi ku Europe ndi North America. Ma truffles amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'dziko lonselo ndipo amatumizidwa ku malo odyera apamwamba kwambiri m'mizinda ikuluikulu, kuphatikiza Guangzhou ndi Shanghai.